Agriculture Sector

Nanotechnology has ultimately aims to maximize agriculture output (i.e., crop yields), while minimizing input (i.e., fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides). Nanomaterials like MWCNTs can penetrate seeds and increase the germination rate by enhancing the seed water uptake and utilization efficiency of the plants. Silicon, TiO2-, alumina- and copper- NPs have also been suggested as potential candidates for controlling a range of agricultural pests, enhancing plant tolerance of various abiotic and biotic stresses, and improving the performance of plant growth compared to their coarser bulk materials.

Textile and Fabrics

Stain repellent and wrinkle-resistant threads woven in textiles, body warmers use Phase Change Materials (PCMs) responding to changing body temperatures. Also nanosocks treated with silver nanoparticles. The silver acts against infection and odour. Irrespective of the approach, the straight use of nanomaterials in textiles is recognized to produce stain repellent, wrinkle-free, static eliminating, electrically conductive and anti- microbial garments.

Automotive

Lightweight, reduction in friction and emissions by the engine, reduced wear and corrosion resistance, UV resistance, and advanced electronics and sensors. Nano-additives (like Nano oxides (silica, alumina) fillers, nanoclay, carbon nanofibers (CNF), and graphene ) improve the lifetime of tires considerably as well as the rolling resistance, abrasion resistance, and wet traction. Nanomaterials like nanostructured boric acid, tungsten nanospheres, copper nanoparticles, and graphene, have been used in car fluids. Adding nanoparticles to fluid lubricants can improve their mechanical properties and provide various economic benefits

Chemical Manufacturing

The ability of the nanomaterial to catalyse the chemical reaction at higher speed as compare to the bulk mateiral leads to speed-up the chemical reaction and also quantity of catalyst requirement is less.

Dentist Engineering

Nanotechnology has several applications in dentistry, from diagnosis of pathological conditions to local anaesthesia, orthodontic tooth movement and periodontics. Biomaterials science has also greatly benefited by this technology. This technology will help in the use of nanodevices for early disease identification at cellular and molecular level. The efficiency and reliability of diagnostic methods using human fluids or tissue samples by using nanodevices could be increased by nanomedicine

Energy Storage & Batteries

Enhance the energy and power density, shorten the recharge time, as well as decrease the size and weight while improving the safety and stability of the batteries. significantly improve the electrical storage capability of high-capacity capacitors as opposed to conventional capacitors. For batteries, nanostructured materials (nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes, and nanoporous particles), as well as nanocomposites (e.g.carbon matrix with nanoscale silicon or tin), are being used.

Construction and Building

Addition of nanoparticles will lead to stronger, more durable, self-healing, air purifying, fire resistant, easy to clean and quick compacting concrete. Some of the nanoparticles that could be used for these features are nano silica (silica fume), nanostructured metals, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Carbon Nanofibres (CNF).

Paint
Industries

Nano titanium dioxide is used in paint to exploit two of its excellent properties, photocatalytic activity and UV-protection. The combination of the photocatalytic effect, along with hydrophilic properties results in a paints' self-cleaning effect.

Pharmaceutical and Cosmetics

New nanotech-enabled medical devices aim to provide a convenient real-time diagnosis of the disease that can be done at a clinic rather than at a laboratory, as well as implantable devices that cause less irritation and have improved functionality. Gold and silver nanoparticles, nanotube arrays, nanowires, and even nanoscale mechanical sensors are being incorporated into point of care diagnostics and implantable medical devices.

R&D Laboratory

Nanotechnology is a relatively new science and is the building of molecular structures, atom by atom. It involves altering and manipulating structures of atoms at the 'nano scale'.Therer are two chief devices that are being used in nanotechnology in order to see and manipulate the nanoparticles.

The first is the 'Atomic Force Microscopy' is a a very high-resolution type of 'scanning probe microscopy' meaning that it can take images of atoms on the nanometer. One of the strongest advantages of using a AFM is the fact that it can take images on virtually any type of surface from ceramics and composites to biological samples.

The second is the 'Scanning Tunneling Microscopy' (or STM) which is a power type of electrons microscopy that shows three-dimensional images of a sample at the atomic level. A down-side to the use of the STM is it can only be used at temperatures from 0 degrees to 100 and only in a 'ultra high vacuum'.

Solar Cell

Nanostructured metal chalcogenides of the elements copper, iron, tin, lead, and cadmium have attracted interest in their use as colloidal nanocrystal inks for solar cells. Some of these materials have the advantages of being available in abundance and having low toxicity. The use of colloidal nanoparticles as inks made the solution processing of thin films easier and cheaper.

Water Treatment

Due to their small sizes and thus large specific surface areas, nanomaterials have strong adsorption capacities and reactivity. What is more, the mobility of nanomaterials in solution is high. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are highly toxic to microorganisms and thus have strong antibacterial effects against a wide range of microorganisms. Various zero-valent metal nanoparticles, such as Fe, Zn, Al, and Ni, in water pollution treatment, have drawn wide research interest. Metal Oxide nanoparticles like ZnO, TiO2, Fe2O3 and CNTs are being used in wastewater treatment.